A Bill of Lading (BOL) is a legally binding document issued by a carrier to a shipper that serves as a detailed receipt for goods being transported, a contract outlining the terms of carriage, and in certain forms, a document of title that can represent ownership of the goods. This critical shipping document establishes the legal relationship between the shipper, carrier, and consignee, providing comprehensive details about the shipment including the type, quantity, and destination of goods being transported. The BOL is essential for freight transportation across all modes—ocean, air, rail, and truck—and serves as the primary documentary evidence for claims, disputes, and transfer of goods throughout the supply chain.
